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(2008), measures of enzyme activity were used (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase), allowing a gauge of trauma response (proteolysis) and therefore the ability to further understand the mechanisms of action

Pain and swelling reduction across multiple tissue types

This is an extreme model: a full transection of the quadriceps muscle in a rat

A single viral podcast, YouTube interview or influencer testimonial can introduce millions of people to an emerging therapy overnight

This kind of self-promotional case series does not prove either efficacy or safety if anything, it underscores the need for independent research